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TIME Magazine

In the absence of sound history being taught in schools, some organizations are trying to provide an accurate portrayal in other ways. Eshan Sharma, founder of Karwaan, a student-led history collective, features free conversations with prominent historians, which are available online.

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About Us

​Founded in 2019 by Eshan Sharma, the idea behind Karwaan is to promote the knowledge of history among young minds and the general public and inspire them to be inquisitive and committed to this field, as well as to make people understand the importance of heritage and history. To unshackle history from its inaccessibility roots and take it straight to the masses, we began our journey as an independent students’ collective at Delhi University. Karwaan is actively working towards breaking the stereotypes of academic disciplines and keeping the public engaged with critical conversations about our past, present, and future.

Color Corpus: Francis Newton Souza’s Black Art and Other Paintings
01:30:13
Karwaan : The Heritage Exploration Initiative

Color Corpus: Francis Newton Souza’s Black Art and Other Paintings

In the summer of 1966, Francis Newton Souza’s exhibition Black Art and Other Paintings opened at London’s Grosvenor Gallery, unveiling a striking series of monochromatic black canvases. Painted between 1964 and 1965, these works initially appeared as austere, immersive fields of black, evoking the aesthetic universalism of postwar abstraction. Yet beneath the surface, faint traces of figures and landscapes emerged—perceptible only through a prolonged, bodily engagement with the act of seeing. Viewers had to bend, shift, and adjust their vision, enacting a form of optical labor that resisted passive perception. Why did Souza privilege this embodied mode of viewing over the presumed universality of vision that underpinned modernist abstraction? What did the color black signify for a South Asian artist navigating the intersections of colonial histories, decolonization, and diasporic identity? While black in the North Atlantic artistic imagination had long been linked to infinity, spirituality, and transcendence, Souza’s Black Art instead grounded the color in the urgent materiality of political struggle. Emerging in the wake of mid-century nonalignment and global civil rights movements, these paintings invite us to reconsider the entanglements of pictorial and political representation. They challenge us to reimagine the coordinates of decolonization and creative expression along a far more capacious axis than art history has traditionally acknowledged. About the Speaker: Atreyee Gupta is an Associate Professor at the University of California, Berkeley, specializing in Global Modern Art and Modern and Contemporary South and Southeast Asian Art. Her research focuses on the aesthetic and intellectual networks that have shaped artistic practices across Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America since the twentieth century. Her forthcoming book, Non-Aligned: Art, Decolonization, and the Third World Project in India, ca. 1930–1960 (Yale University Press, 2025), examines the artistic and intellectual resonances of the Non-Aligned Movement and its roots in earlier Afro-Asian anti-colonial networks. She also co-edited Postwar—Towards a Global Art History, 1945–1965 (Duke University Press, 2025) with the late Okwui Enwezor. Her current project, One Hundred Years in Present Tense: Art in South Asian America, ca. 1893–1993, explores the intersection of Third World artistic and political movements with the history of South Asian diasporic art in the United States. Gupta’s research engages the “global” as a material, intellectual, and political formation shaped by decolonization. Her essays on global modernism, the Cold War, and the Non-Aligned Movement have appeared in The Art Bulletin, Art Journal, Third Text, October, and Yishu, among others. She has also contributed to discussions on global art history methodologies (Is Art History Global?, 2006), histories of the “global” (Artl@s Bulletin, 2017), and the challenges of translation in artistic discourse (28 Magazine, Gaza, 2018). At UC Berkeley, Gupta has led curatorial projects such as When All That Is Solid Melts into Air (Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, 2020) and the digital residency Crisis Creativity: Mithu Sen and Brendan Fernandes (2020), organized through the UC Berkeley South Asia Art Initiative. She co-founded the Initiative in 2018 and served as its co-director from 2020 to 2023. Affiliated with multiple interdisciplinary centers at UC Berkeley—including the Center for Contemporary India, the Center for Race and Gender, and the Institute for South Asia Studies—Gupta teaches courses on modern and contemporary Asian and Asian American art, decolonization, curatorial practice, and global modernisms.
Writing Academic History Popularly: A Panel Discussion
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Karwaan : The Heritage Exploration Initiative

Writing Academic History Popularly: A Panel Discussion

Arupjyoti Saikia is a Professor of History at the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati. He has held fellowships at Yale University’s Agrarian Studies Programme, Cambridge University, and the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London. His research focuses on environmental and agrarian histories, with key publications including Forests and Ecological History of Assam, 1826-2000 (OUP, 2011), A Century of Protests: Peasant Politics in Assam since 1900 (Routledge, 2014), and The Unquiet River: A Biography of the Brahmaputra (OUP, 2019). His work has been widely recognized, with A Century of Protests winning the Srikant Dutt Book Prize (2015) and The Unquiet River receiving multiple accolades, including an Honorable Mention for the Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy Book Prize (2021). Anirudh Deshpande is a Professor in the Department of History at the University of Delhi. A distinguished historian of military and social history, he has published extensively on colonial and modern South Asia. His books include The British Raj and its Indian Armed Forces, 1857-1939 (2002), British Military Policy in India, 1900-1945: Colonial Constraints and Declining Power (2005), Class, Power and Consciousness in Indian Cinema and Television (Primus, 2009), and The First Line of Defence – Glorious 50 Years of the Border Security Force (2015). A former Nehru Memorial Museum and Library Fellow, he has contributed to international scholarship, including The Wars of the East India Company, 1740-1849 in The International Encyclopedia of War, edited by Gordon Martel. His latest work, King, Country, and War: Ideology, Memory and Written Indian History, c.1600-1900, explores themes of historical memory and identity. A.R. Venkatachalapathy is a historian and Tamil writer, currently a Professor at the Madras Institute of Development Studies, Chennai. His research focuses on the social, cultural, and intellectual history of colonial Tamil Nadu. He has taught at universities in Tirunelveli, Chennai, Singapore, and Chicago and has held research fellowships in Paris, Cambridge, London, and Harvard. A recipient of the V.K.R.V. Rao Prize, he has also been honored with the Vilakku Virudhu and Iyal Virudhu for his lifetime contributions to Tamil literature, along with the Mahakavi Bharati Award. He has written or edited over thirty books in Tamil and was awarded the prestigious Sahitya Akademi Award in 2024 for his contributions to Tamil literature and historical scholarship. Sudeshna Guha is a Professor in the Department of History and Archaeology at the School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi-NCR. Her research spans the histories of visualization, social histories of archaeology, and the making of archaeological heritage and national cultures. Trained in field archaeology, she has an extensive background in curatorship, having managed historical photographic archives and archaeological collections. Her scholarship examines shifts in historiographical methods and notions of evidence, explored in works such as Artefacts of History (SAGE, 2015), which delves into Indian archaeology’s historiography, and The Marshall Albums: Photography and Archaeology (Mapin/Alkazi Collection of Photography, 2010), which explores colonial-era photographic practices of the Archaeological Survey of India. Her latest work, A History of India in 75 Objects, presents Indian history through a curated selection of artefacts. She is also developing research on state formation in Sikkim and the post-colonial archaeology of cultural heritage in South Asia. Ruby Lal is a Professor of South Asian History at Emory University and a Los Angeles Times Book Prize Finalist. Her latest book, Vagabond Princess: The Great Adventures of Gulbadan (Yale University Press, 2024), has been widely acclaimed and longlisted for the Cundill History Prize. Her previous work, Empress: The Astonishing Reign of Nur Jahan (W.W. Norton, 2018), won the Georgia Author of the Year Award in Biography and was a finalist for the LA Times Book Prize in History. Empress was also named a top ten book by Time Magazine and has been optioned by Lionsgate for adaptation. Her forthcoming young adult adaptation of Empress, Tiger-Slayer (W.W. Norton, 2025), features illustrations by Molly Crabapple. Ruby Lal’s scholarship extends to gender and cultural histories, with works such as Domesticity and Power in the Early Mughal World and Coming of Age in Nineteenth-Century India: The Girl-Child and the Art of Playfulness. She has held prestigious fellowships, including at the Swedish Collegium for Advanced Studies, the Jackman Humanities Institute at the University of Toronto, and the University of Bonn. A prolific writer and speaker, she contributes to major international publications and frequently engages in literary festivals, public talks, and media discussions.
Sultanates, Empires, and the Boundaries of the Cosmopolitan in South Asia
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Karwaan : The Heritage Exploration Initiative

Sultanates, Empires, and the Boundaries of the Cosmopolitan in South Asia

Dr. Roy Fischel is a historian of early modern South Asia, exploring its rich and complex connections with the Muslim world, the Indian Ocean, and the broader global order. His academic journey began with a deep dive into Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies, but his curiosity soon led him to the dynamic interplay of Islamicate societies and polities in South Asia. Over time, his research expanded to uncover the intricate relationships between Indic traditions and the increasingly dominant Muslim states and cultures of precolonial India. After earning his PhD in History and South Asian Languages and Civilizations from the University of Chicago in 2012, he joined the History Department at SOAS as a Lecturer in the History of South Asia. At the heart of Dr. Fischel’s work is a fascination with the formation of states, societies, and identities—and how they intertwined in early modern South Asia. His first monograph, Local States in an Imperial World: Identity, Society and Politics in the Early Modern Deccan (Edinburgh University Press, 2020), challenges the conventional idea that empire was the dominant model of statehood in this era. Focusing on the Deccan Sultanates of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, he reveals a different reality—one where power was built on negotiation rather than rigid hierarchy, where cultures merged rather than remained separate, and where identity was fluid rather than fixed. Drawing from a diverse array of sources in Persian, Marathi, Dakhani, Urdu, Hindi, and Arabic, he weaves together theories of empire, space, and vernacularization to examine the unique character of the Deccan. His research highlights the uneasy yet dynamic interactions between foreign and local, Muslim and Hindu, Persianate and vernacular traditions, arguing that the Deccan Sultanates were not mere mini-empires but self-aware political entities with their own distinct logic. Their story, he suggests, offers new ways of thinking about how power operated in the early modern world. His current research pushes these ideas even further, delving into the endurance of memory, local identities, and political languages across dynastic shifts and regime changes. He is particularly intrigued by the institution of kingship—not just as a political structure, but as a cultural and emotional phenomenon. How did aesthetics, symbols, and sentiment shape the way rulers presented themselves? What role did spectacle, poetry, and art play in crafting political authority? These are some of the questions that drive his ongoing work.
The Hindu-Christian Encounter: A Model for 21st Century Interreligious Learning
01:07:21
Karwaan : The Heritage Exploration Initiative

The Hindu-Christian Encounter: A Model for 21st Century Interreligious Learning

Francis X. Clooney, S.J., joined the Harvard Divinity School faculty in 2005, where he is the Parkman Professor of Divinity and Professor of Comparative Theology. After earning his doctorate in South Asian languages and civilizations (University of Chicago, 1984), he taught at Boston College for 21 years before coming to Harvard. From 2010 to 2017, he was the Director of the Center for the Study of World Religions at Harvard. His primary areas of Indological scholarship are theological commentarial writings in the Sanskrit and Tamil traditions of Hindu India. He is also a leading figure globally in the developing field of comparative theology, a discipline distinguished by attentiveness to the dynamics of theological learning deepened through the study of traditions other than one’s own. He has also written on the Jesuit missionary tradition, particularly in India, on the early Jesuit pan-Asian discourse on reincarnation, and on the dynamics of dialogue and interreligious learning in the contemporary world. Clooney is the author of numerous articles and books, including Thinking Ritually: Retrieving the Purva Mimamsa of Jaimini (Vienna, 1990), Theology after Vedanta: An Experiment in Comparative Theology (State University of New York Press, 1993), Beyond Compare: St. Francis de Sales and Sri Vedanta Desika on Loving Surrender to God (Georgetown University Press, 2008), The Truth, the Way, the Life: Christian Commentary on the Three Holy Mantras of the Shrivaisnava Hindus (Peeters Publishing, 2008), Comparative Theology: Deep Learning across Religious Borders (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010), and His Hiding Place Is Darkness: A Hindu-Catholic Theopoetics of Divine Absence (Stanford University Press, 2013). His translation of the Hindu theologian Ramanuja’s Manual of Daily Worship (Nityagrantham) appeared in the International Journal of Hindu Studies in 2020. Recent books include Reading the Hindu and Christian Classics: Why and How It Matters (University of Virgina Press, 2019), Western Jesuit Scholars in India: Tracing Their Paths, Reassessing Their Goals (Brill, 2020), and most recently, St. Joseph in South India: Poetry, Mission and Theology in Costanzo Gioseffo Beschi's Tempavani (Vienna, 2022). His memoir, Hindu and Catholic, Priest and Scholar: A Love Story, will be published in June 2024 by T&T Clark/Bloomsbury. In July 2010 he was elected a Fellow of the British Academy and has served as a Professorial Research Fellow at the Australian Catholic University. His most recent honorary doctorates include one awarded by the University Scranton in September 2023, and one to be awarded by LeMoyne College in May 2024. During 2022-23 he was the President of the Catholic Theological Society of America. He is a Roman Catholic priest and has been a member of the Society of Jesus for 55 years. He serves regularly in a Catholic parish on weekends. From 2007 to 2016 he blogged regularly in the “In All Things” section of America magazine online; his current blog is The Inner Edge, which includes a series of 62 online homilies written during the year of church closures during the pandemic, available on his faculty website.
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“I would like to congratulate Karwaan Heritage for making our rich multi-layered history more accessible to the public. I hope you continue to work towards bringing people together through our shared heritage. I wish you the very best for your future endeavours.”

Rahul Gandhi, Leader of Opposition, Lok Sabha

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©2020 by Karwaan: The Heritage Exploration Initiative

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